We recently worked with floating candles. These floating candles work with pressure and buoyancy. Not the pressure that a lot of people think of. This is molecule pressure. First you have candles at the base with a small trash bag above it. The candles are mounted on two pieces of wood crossing the bottom of the bag. How you position the candles is very important so they they create a good direction of pressure and don't burn the sides of the bag. The trash bag creates a area for the heat molecules to be trapped and apply pressure. When you light the candles the bag begins to inflate. This is because of the molecules being released into the bag and being trapped. There trying to escape is what makes it buoyant. Because they can't they are just pushing up. After a few minutes the whole contraption became neutral then it began to have a positive float. This works by the heat from candles increases the energy of the air inside the bag. The molecules begin moving faster creating high pressure and heat. Then it pushes other molecules out the bottom creating lift. The reason it took a few minutes to float is because the air takes time to heat up and become full of enough pressure to float.
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There are three phases of matter, these include liquid, solid, and gases. Solids' molecules are the most dense. Then liquid is less dense. Gas is the least dense and its molecules are very far apart. Generally when solids are heated they turn into liquid and eventually gas. An example of this is what we did in class. We put dry ice inside a flask. When the solid block of dry ice was exposed to air and room temperature it began to evaporate quickly into a gas. This is because of the change in temperature and environment. The next part of this experiment was turning the solid into a liquid. To do this we put it into a large plastic tube with pressure gages at the end. So the dry ice was enclosed and was becoming highly pressurized. We added water as the pressure increased. Then at a certain pressure we released it to become a snow type material. From this we learned how phases of matter change from solid to gas from heat and how solid turns into a liquid with pressure. When liquids are frozen they become solids. Examples of this are pretty basic like water becoming ice.
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December 2016
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