Disappearing ink was our most recent experiment. We used phenolphthalein, ethanol, distilled water, and sodium hydroxide. We started by mixing a little phenolphthalein and 10 ml of ethanol in a flask. Next we added the distilled water. When we did this we saw a chemical reaction happen, it changed colors. Andrew came around and added a few drops of sodium hydroxide. This made the mixture change to a dark red. When we would take a little out and put it on paper you would slowly see it disappear as it dried. This works because when the hydrogen ions that were created are exposed it turns the ink to invisible.
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Humans produce tons of CO2, about half of this pollution is dissolved into the ocean. The other parts going into living things. The pH scale ranges from 0-14. 0 is being very acidic and 14 very basic. 7 is the neutral and what distilled water is. The p in pH stand for the potential to create charged hydrogen atoms. Because the pH scale is logarithmic the smallest change means a lot. Recently there has been an increase in acidity in the ocean. The problem with CO2 being released is that it creates a chain reaction which allows more Hydrogen to release in the water therefore increasing the acidity.When this happened ocean animals have a tougher time living and eating because they require a complicated chemical reaction that the increase in acidity affects.
We recently worked with floating candles. These floating candles work with pressure and buoyancy. Not the pressure that a lot of people think of. This is molecule pressure. First you have candles at the base with a small trash bag above it. The candles are mounted on two pieces of wood crossing the bottom of the bag. How you position the candles is very important so they they create a good direction of pressure and don't burn the sides of the bag. The trash bag creates a area for the heat molecules to be trapped and apply pressure. When you light the candles the bag begins to inflate. This is because of the molecules being released into the bag and being trapped. There trying to escape is what makes it buoyant. Because they can't they are just pushing up. After a few minutes the whole contraption became neutral then it began to have a positive float. This works by the heat from candles increases the energy of the air inside the bag. The molecules begin moving faster creating high pressure and heat. Then it pushes other molecules out the bottom creating lift. The reason it took a few minutes to float is because the air takes time to heat up and become full of enough pressure to float.
There are three phases of matter, these include liquid, solid, and gases. Solids' molecules are the most dense. Then liquid is less dense. Gas is the least dense and its molecules are very far apart. Generally when solids are heated they turn into liquid and eventually gas. An example of this is what we did in class. We put dry ice inside a flask. When the solid block of dry ice was exposed to air and room temperature it began to evaporate quickly into a gas. This is because of the change in temperature and environment. The next part of this experiment was turning the solid into a liquid. To do this we put it into a large plastic tube with pressure gages at the end. So the dry ice was enclosed and was becoming highly pressurized. We added water as the pressure increased. Then at a certain pressure we released it to become a snow type material. From this we learned how phases of matter change from solid to gas from heat and how solid turns into a liquid with pressure. When liquids are frozen they become solids. Examples of this are pretty basic like water becoming ice.
The short answer is that light is energy of course it is a lot more complicated than that. In class we burned different chemicals and they all produced different colors. We later learned that because of the different atoms in the chemicals. The way/speed that atoms release energy create different colors. How we see these colors are in wave lengths. These different colors are on the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a scale of wave lengths starting with long waves like radio waves. It moves over to shorter waves like radiation. Within this spectrum are the colors we can see. These colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These also start with longer wave lengths to shorter starting at red. These let wave lengths from the energy of the atoms and create color and light for us to see.
Light is energy, of course that is the short answer. A prime example of this is fire. What you see when fire is burning is the release of energy in a form of the electromagnetic spectrum. The spectrum consists of wave lengths from long to short. The colors we can see are on the spectrum. These 7 colors are ROY G BIV. Red, orange, yellow, green, Blue, indigo, and violet. These colors also go from long to short starting at red. Light changes at the where/how atoms bounce.
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December 2016
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